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Next: 2 $B%G!<%?I>2A(B Up: $BBN@Q$NAjBP8m:9$H%G!<%?I>2A(B Previous: $BBN@Q$NAjBP8m:9$H%G!<%?I>2A(B (PDF ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë: error.pdf)

1 $BBN@Q$NAjBP8m:9(B

$B $B;0JU$,(B $a$, $b$, $c$ $B$G$"$kN)BN$NBN@Q(B $V$ $B$KBP$7$F(B

\begin{displaymath}
\frac{\Delta V}{V} =
\frac{\Delta a}{a}+\frac{\Delta b}{b}+\frac{\Delta c}{c}
\end{displaymath}

($\Delta a$, $\Delta b$, $\Delta c$, $\Delta V$ $B$O$=$l$>$l(B $a,b,c,V$ $B$N(B $B@dBP8m:9(B)
$B$H8@$&5-=R$,$"$k$,!"$3$l$K$D$$$F9M$($F$_$h$&!#(B

$B:#!"(B$a,b,c$ $B$N4QB,CM$r$=$l$>$l(B $\bar{a},\bar{b},\bar{c}$ $B$H$9$k$H!"(B $B$3$l$i$O$=$l$>$l??$NCM(B $a,b,c$ $B$KBP$7$F@dBP8m:9(B $\Delta a$, $\Delta b$, $\Delta c$, $B$r4^$`$N$G!"(B

\begin{displaymath}
\bar{a}=a+\Delta a,\hspace{0.5zw}
\bar{b}=b+\Delta b,\hspace{0.5zw}
\bar{c}=c+\Delta c
\end{displaymath}

$B$G$"$k!#$3$N4QB,CM$+$i7W;;$5$l$k!"8m:9$r4^$`BN@Q$r(B $\bar{V}$ $B$H$9$k$H(B

\begin{displaymath}
V=abc,\hspace{1zw}\bar{V}=\bar{a}\bar{b}\bar{c}
\end{displaymath}

$B$H$J$k$N$G!"$3$NBN@Q$N@dBP8m:9(B $\Delta V = \bar{V}-V$ $B$O(B

\begin{eqnarray*}
\Delta V & = & \bar{V}-V = \bar{a}\bar{b}\bar{c} - abc
= (a+...
...\Delta a\Delta c+ c\Delta a\Delta b
+ \Delta a\Delta b\Delta c)
\end{eqnarray*}

$B$H$J$C$FA4$F$N9`$K(B $\Delta a$ $BEy$,4^$^$l$?<0$K$J$k!#(B

$B$3$3$G!"(B$\Delta a$, $\Delta b$, $\Delta c$ $B$J$I$O8m:9$G$"$k$+$i(B $a,b,c$ $B$KHf$Y$F$+$J$j>.$5$$$H9M$($FNI$$$,!"(B $B$3$N>l9g(B $\Delta b\Delta c$, $\Delta a\Delta b$ $B$J$I$N$h$&$K(B $B$=$l$i$r(B 2 $B$D0J>e$+$1$?J*$,4^$^$l$k9`(B ($B:G8e$N<0$N%+%C%3Fb(B) $B$O!"(B $B$=$l$i$r(B 1 $B$D$7$+4^$^$J$$$h$j$b$:$C$H>.$5$/$J$k$N$G!"(B $B$=$l$i$N9`$rL5;k$9$k$H(B

\begin{displaymath}
\Delta V \approx ab\Delta c + ac\Delta b + bc\Delta a
\end{displaymath}

($\approx$ $B$O6a;w$rI=$9(B) $B$N$h$&$K$J$k!#(B $B$h$C$F!"$3$N<0$NN>JU$r(B $V=abc$ $B$G3d$k$H(B

\begin{eqnarray*}
\frac{\Delta V}{V}
& \approx & \frac{ab\Delta c + ac\Delta ...
...= & \frac{\Delta c}{c} + \frac{\Delta b}{b} + \frac{\Delta a}{a}
\end{eqnarray*}

$B$H$J$j!":G=i$N<0$,F@$i$l$k!#(B $B$h$C$F:G=i$N<0$O@53N$K$OEy<0$G$O$J$/6a;w<0$G$"$k$3$H$K$J$k!#(B


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Next: 2 $B%G!<%?I>2A(B Up: $BBN@Q$NAjBP8m:9$H%G!<%?I>2A(B Previous: $BBN@Q$NAjBP8m:9$H%G!<%?I>2A(B
Shigeharu TAKENO
2002$BG/(B 7$B7n(B 31$BF|(B